See flagellum on Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "basiflagellum"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "distiflagellum"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "endoflagellum"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "flagellar"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "flagelliferous"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "flagellin"
}
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"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/bʰleh₂-"
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[
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"3": "flagellum",
"4": "",
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"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *bʰleh₂-?\nProto-Indo-European *-rós\nLatin flagrum\nProto-Indo-European *-lós\nProto-Indo-European *-elós\nProto-Italic *-elos\nLatin -lum\nLatin flagellumbor.\nEnglish flagellum\nFrom Latin flagellum (“whip”), diminutive of flagrum.",
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{
"form": "flagella",
"tags": [
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]
},
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],
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[
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"word": "cilium"
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"lang_code": "ar",
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},
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"code": "yue",
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"roman": "bin¹ mou⁴",
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"word": "鞭毛"
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"_dis1": "57 31 13",
"code": "de",
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"tags": [
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],
"word": "Geißel"
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{
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"lang_code": "de",
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"word": "Flagellum"
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{
"_dis1": "57 31 13",
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"lang_code": "el",
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"tags": [
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],
"word": "μαστίγιο"
},
{
"_dis1": "57 31 13",
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"sense": "long whiplike organelle",
"word": "ostor"
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"lang_code": "ja",
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"flagellum"
],
"id": "en-flagellum-nl-noun-~99V8QnS",
"links": [
[
"flagellum",
"flagellum#English"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "flagel"
},
{
"word": "zweepdraad"
},
{
"word": "zweephaar"
},
{
"word": "zweepstaart"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"no-diminutive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/flaːˈɣɛ.lʏm/"
}
],
"word": "flagellum"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "flagellums",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"expansion": "flagellum m (plural flagellums)",
"name": "fr-noun"
}
],
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "French entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "14 20 24 2 11 6 13 9 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"flagellum (whip)"
],
"id": "en-flagellum-fr-noun-S4kLDrFF",
"links": [
[
"flagellum",
"flagellum#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/fla.ʒɛ.lɔm/"
},
{
"ipa": "/fla.ʒe.lɔm/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q150 (fra)-Jérémy-Günther-Heinz Jähnick-flagellum.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/5a/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-J%C3%A9r%C3%A9my-G%C3%BCnther-Heinz_J%C3%A4hnick-flagellum.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-J%C3%A9r%C3%A9my-G%C3%BCnther-Heinz_J%C3%A4hnick-flagellum.wav.mp3",
"note": "Somain",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/5a/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-J%C3%A9r%C3%A9my-G%C3%BCnther-Heinz_J%C3%A4hnick-flagellum.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-J%C3%A9r%C3%A9my-G%C3%BCnther-Heinz_J%C3%A4hnick-flagellum.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"France"
]
}
],
"word": "flagellum"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "flagellō"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Dalmatian",
"lang_code": "dlm",
"word": "frazial"
},
{
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"word": "fragello"
},
{
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"raw_tags": [
"latinized?"
],
"word": "flagello"
}
],
"lang": "Italo-Dalmatian",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Lombard",
"lang_code": "lmo",
"word": "fièl"
},
{
"lang": "Lombard",
"lang_code": "lmo",
"word": "fiaèl"
}
],
"lang": "Gallo-Italic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Franco-Provençal",
"lang_code": "frp",
"word": "flleyél"
},
{
"lang": "Franco-Provençal",
"lang_code": "frp",
"word": "flél"
},
{
"lang": "Franco-Provençal",
"lang_code": "frp",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"word": "eflleyél"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"word": "fléau"
},
{
"lang": "Norman",
"lang_code": "nrf",
"word": "fléel"
}
],
"lang": "Old French",
"lang_code": "fro",
"word": "flaiel"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"word": "fléau"
},
{
"lang": "Norman",
"lang_code": "nrf",
"word": "fléel"
}
],
"lang": "Old French",
"lang_code": "fro",
"word": "flael"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"word": "fléau"
},
{
"lang": "Norman",
"lang_code": "nrf",
"word": "fléel"
}
],
"lang": "Old French",
"lang_code": "fro",
"word": "flayau"
}
],
"lang": "Northern Gallo-Romance",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Auvergnat",
"lang_code": "oc-auv",
"word": "flagèl"
},
{
"lang": "Gascon",
"lang_code": "oc-gas",
"word": "hlagèth"
},
{
"lang": "Gascon",
"lang_code": "oc-gas",
"word": "lagèth"
},
{
"lang": "Gascon",
"lang_code": "oc",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"word": "eslagèth"
},
{
"lang": "Gascon",
"lang_code": "oc",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"word": "ehlagèth"
},
{
"lang": "Languedocien",
"lang_code": "oc-lan",
"word": "flagèl"
},
{
"lang": "Limousin",
"lang_code": "oc-lim",
"word": "flageu"
},
{
"lang": "Limousin",
"lang_code": "oc-lim",
"word": "flagèl"
},
{
"lang": "Limousin",
"lang_code": "oc-lim",
"word": "fleu"
},
{
"lang": "Provençal",
"lang_code": "oc-pro",
"word": "flagèu"
},
{
"lang": "Provençal",
"lang_code": "oc-pro",
"word": "flèu"
},
{
"lang": "Vivaro-Alpine",
"lang_code": "oc-viv",
"word": "fleu"
},
{
"lang": "Vivaro-Alpine",
"lang_code": "oc-viv",
"word": "flel"
},
{
"lang": "Vivaro-Alpine",
"lang_code": "oc-viv",
"word": "flageu"
}
],
"lang": "Occitan",
"lang_code": "oc"
}
],
"lang": "Southern Gallo-Romance",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"lang": "Old Breton",
"lang_code": "obt",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "flagell"
},
{
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "flagell"
},
{
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "flagel"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "fflagelwm"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "flagellum"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "fflagelwm"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "flagellate"
},
{
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "flagelle"
},
{
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "flaxelo"
},
{
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed",
"uncertain"
],
"word": "*flagil"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Jewish Literary Aramaic",
"lang_code": "arc",
"roman": "fragəlā",
"word": "פְּרַגְלָא"
},
{
"lang": "Classical Syriac",
"lang_code": "syc",
"roman": "frāgĕlā",
"word": "ܦܪܳܓܶܠܳܐ"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Classical Syriac",
"lang_code": "syc",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "ܦܪܓܘܢܐ"
},
{
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"lang_code": "ota",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "fircevl",
"word": "فرجول"
}
],
"lang": "Arabic",
"lang_code": "ar",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "firjawn",
"word": "فِرْجَوْن"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Classical Syriac",
"lang_code": "syc",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "ܦܪܓܘܢܐ"
},
{
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"lang_code": "ota",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "fircevl",
"word": "فرجول"
}
],
"lang": "Arabic",
"lang_code": "ar",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed",
"less often"
],
"roman": "firjawl",
"word": "فِرْجَوْل"
}
],
"lang": "Aramaic",
"lang_code": "arc",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
]
},
{
"lang": "Coptic",
"lang_code": "cop",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "phragellion",
"word": "ⲫⲣⲁⲅⲉⲗⲗⲓⲟⲛ"
}
],
"lang": "Byzantine Greek",
"lang_code": "gkm",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "phragéllion",
"word": "φραγέλλιον"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"word": "sroigheall"
}
],
"lang": "Old Irish",
"lang_code": "sga",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "sroigell"
},
{
"lang": "Occitan",
"lang_code": "oc",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "flagèl"
},
{
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "flagelo"
},
{
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "flagel"
},
{
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "flagelo"
},
{
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "flagell"
},
{
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "fflangell"
},
{
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "ffrewyll"
}
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"*bʰleh₂-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/bʰleh₂-"
],
[
"*-rós",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-rós"
],
[
"flagrum",
"flagrum#Latin"
],
[
"*-lós",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-lós#Proto-Indo-European:_agent_nouns"
],
[
"*-elos",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/-elos#Proto-Italic:_diminutive"
],
[
"-lum",
"-lus#Latin"
],
[
"flagrum",
"flagrum#Latin"
],
[
"-lum",
"-lus#Latin"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": ":af",
"3": "flagrum<t:scourge, whip>",
"4": "-lus<alt:-lum>",
"text": "+",
"title": "flagellum",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *bʰleh₂-?\nProto-Indo-European *-rós\nLatin flagrum\nProto-Indo-European *-lós\nProto-Indo-European *-elós\nProto-Italic *-elos\nLatin -lum\nLatin flagellum\n[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-elos\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-lus\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"flagellum\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }\" data-lang=\"la\" data-title=\"flagellum\">\nFrom flagrum (“scourge, whip”) + -lum.",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *bʰleh₂-?\nProto-Indo-European *-rós\nLatin flagrum\nProto-Indo-European *-lós\nProto-Indo-European *-elós\nProto-Italic *-elos\nLatin -lum\nLatin flagellum\nFrom flagrum (“scourge, whip”) + -lum.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "flagellī",
"links": [
[
"flagellī",
"flagelli"
]
],
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "flagellum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "flagella",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "flagellī",
"links": [
[
"flagellī",
"flagelli#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "flagellōrum",
"links": [
[
"flagellōrum",
"flagellorum#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "flagellō",
"links": [
[
"flagellō",
"flagello#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "flagellīs",
"links": [
[
"flagellīs",
"flagellis#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "flagellum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "flagella",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "flagellō",
"links": [
[
"flagellō",
"flagello#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "flagellīs",
"links": [
[
"flagellīs",
"flagellis#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "flagellum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "flagella",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "flagellum<2>"
},
"expansion": "flagellum n (genitive flagellī); second declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "flagellum<2>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "33 19 37 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin neuter nouns in the second declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 36 34 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin terms suffixed with -lus",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "42 13 22 22",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Weapons",
"orig": "la:Weapons",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "[…] so that your soft side and your tender hands\nburning lashes may not shamefully scribble on […]",
"ref": "c. 84 BCE – 54 BCE, Catullus, Carmina 25.9–13",
"text": "[…]nē lāneum latusculum manūsque mollicellās\ninusta turpiter tibī flagella cōnscribillent[…]",
"translation": "[…] so that your soft side and your tender hands\nburning lashes may not shamefully scribble on […]",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"whip, lash, scourge"
],
"id": "en-flagellum-la-noun-DUPbnP81",
"links": [
[
"whip",
"whip"
],
[
"lash",
"lash"
],
[
"scourge",
"scourge"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "verber"
},
{
"word": "flagrum"
},
{
"word": "corium"
},
{
"word": "lōrum"
},
{
"word": "habēna"
},
{
"word": "scutica"
}
],
"tags": [
"declension-2",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "14 20 24 2 11 6 13 9 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 38 31 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with etymology texts",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 38 31 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 62 15 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 44 24 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 19 37 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin neuter nouns in the second declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 36 34 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin terms suffixed with -lus",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"whip for driving animals (riding horses, cattle etc.)"
],
"id": "en-flagellum-la-noun-RnINF6PF",
"tags": [
"declension-2",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "33 19 37 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin neuter nouns in the second declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 36 34 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin terms suffixed with -lus",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "[…] and how under the seas the polyp holds fast the captured enemy\nwith tentacles dispatched from every side.",
"ref": "8 CE, Ovidius, Metamorphoses 4.361–372",
"roman": "continet ex omnī dīmissīs parte flagellīs.",
"text": "[…]utque sub aequoribus dēprēnsum pōlypus hostem",
"translation": "[…] and how under the seas the polyp holds fast the captured enemy\nwith tentacles dispatched from every side.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"tentacle"
],
"id": "en-flagellum-la-noun-TDs0rIeO",
"links": [
[
"tentacle",
"tentacle"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-2",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "33 19 37 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin neuter nouns in the second declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Tomorrow the binder of loves amongst the shades of trees\nweaves green cottages from myrtle branches.",
"ref": "c. 4th century CE, Tiberianus, Pervigilium Veneris 5–6",
"roman": "implicat casās virentēs dē flagellō myrteō.",
"text": "Crās amōrum cōpulātrīx inter umbrās arborum",
"translation": "Tomorrow the binder of loves amongst the shades of trees\nweaves green cottages from myrtle branches.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"young branch, shoot"
],
"id": "en-flagellum-la-noun-I~d3rJLx",
"links": [
[
"shoot",
"shoot#Noun"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-2",
"neuter"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[fɫaˈɡɛl.lũː]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[flaˈd͡ʒɛl.lum]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "flagellum"
}
{
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"name": "bor"
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"word": "flagel"
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{
"word": "zweepdraad"
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{
"word": "zweephaar"
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{
"word": "zweepstaart"
}
],
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"Terms with Greek translations",
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"Terms with Mandarin translations",
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"Terms with Spanish translations",
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"word": "basiflagellum"
},
{
"word": "distiflagellum"
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{
"word": "endoflagellum"
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{
"word": "flagellar"
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{
"word": "flagelliferous"
},
{
"word": "flagellin"
}
],
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[
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[
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"5": "whip"
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"name": "bor"
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"tags": [
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},
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"form": "flagellums",
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"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
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{
"categories": [
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],
"glosses": [
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],
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{
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"tags": [
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"word": "cilium"
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"sense": "whip",
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],
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{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"lang_code": "ar",
"roman": "sawṭ",
"sense": "long whiplike organelle",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "سَوْط"
},
{
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"lang_code": "bg",
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"tags": [
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},
{
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"lang_code": "yue",
"roman": "bin¹ mou⁴",
"sense": "long whiplike organelle",
"word": "鞭毛"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"lang_code": "cmn",
"roman": "biānmáo",
"sense": "long whiplike organelle",
"word": "鞭毛"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"sense": "long whiplike organelle",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
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},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "long whiplike organelle",
"word": "siima"
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{
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"lang": "French",
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"sense": "long whiplike organelle",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "flagelle"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "long whiplike organelle",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Geißel"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "long whiplike organelle",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Flagellum"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"lang_code": "el",
"roman": "mastígio",
"sense": "long whiplike organelle",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "μαστίγιο"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"sense": "long whiplike organelle",
"word": "ostor"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"roman": "benmō",
"sense": "long whiplike organelle",
"word": "鞭毛"
},
{
"code": "ckb",
"lang": "Central Kurdish",
"lang_code": "ckb",
"roman": "tajang",
"sense": "long whiplike organelle",
"word": "تاژانگ"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Māori",
"lang_code": "mi",
"sense": "long whiplike organelle",
"word": "hurunuku"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"lang_code": "fa",
"roman": "tāžak",
"sense": "long whiplike organelle",
"word": "تاژک"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "long whiplike organelle",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "biczyk"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "žgútik",
"sense": "long whiplike organelle",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "жгу́тик"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "long whiplike organelle",
"word": "flagelo"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
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"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "flagell"
},
{
"code": "tr",
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"lang_code": "tr",
"sense": "long whiplike organelle",
"word": "kamçı"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"sense": "long whiplike organelle",
"word": "flagellum"
},
{
"code": "uk",
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"lang_code": "uk",
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"sense": "long whiplike organelle",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "джгу́тик"
},
{
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"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "fflagelwm"
},
{
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"lang_code": "bg",
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"word": "камшиче"
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{
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"lang_code": "fi",
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"code": "fr",
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"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "flagelle"
},
{
"code": "el",
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"roman": "mastígio",
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"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "μαστίγιο"
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{
"code": "ja",
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"lang_code": "ja",
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"sense": "long whiplike appendage",
"word": "鞭毛"
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"masculine"
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"word": "fflagelwm"
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"word": "flagellum"
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{
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"French countable nouns",
"French entries with incorrect language header",
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"French terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
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],
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],
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{
"ipa": "/fla.ʒe.lɔm/"
},
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"note": "Somain",
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"tags": [
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"word": "flagellum"
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{
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"Latin nouns",
"Latin second declension nouns",
"Latin terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *bʰleh₂-",
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"Pages with 4 entries",
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],
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}
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"lang_code": "dlm",
"word": "frazial"
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{
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"lang_code": "it",
"word": "fragello"
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{
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"lang_code": "it",
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],
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"lang_code": "unknown"
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{
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],
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{
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{
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{
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{
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},
{
"lang": "Gascon",
"lang_code": "oc",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"word": "ehlagèth"
},
{
"lang": "Languedocien",
"lang_code": "oc-lan",
"word": "flagèl"
},
{
"lang": "Limousin",
"lang_code": "oc-lim",
"word": "flageu"
},
{
"lang": "Limousin",
"lang_code": "oc-lim",
"word": "flagèl"
},
{
"lang": "Limousin",
"lang_code": "oc-lim",
"word": "fleu"
},
{
"lang": "Provençal",
"lang_code": "oc-pro",
"word": "flagèu"
},
{
"lang": "Provençal",
"lang_code": "oc-pro",
"word": "flèu"
},
{
"lang": "Vivaro-Alpine",
"lang_code": "oc-viv",
"word": "fleu"
},
{
"lang": "Vivaro-Alpine",
"lang_code": "oc-viv",
"word": "flel"
},
{
"lang": "Vivaro-Alpine",
"lang_code": "oc-viv",
"word": "flageu"
}
],
"lang": "Occitan",
"lang_code": "oc"
}
],
"lang": "Southern Gallo-Romance",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"lang": "Old Breton",
"lang_code": "obt",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "flagell"
},
{
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "flagell"
},
{
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "flagel"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "fflagelwm"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "flagellum"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "fflagelwm"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "flagellate"
},
{
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "flagelle"
},
{
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "flaxelo"
},
{
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed",
"uncertain"
],
"word": "*flagil"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Jewish Literary Aramaic",
"lang_code": "arc",
"roman": "fragəlā",
"word": "פְּרַגְלָא"
},
{
"lang": "Classical Syriac",
"lang_code": "syc",
"roman": "frāgĕlā",
"word": "ܦܪܳܓܶܠܳܐ"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Classical Syriac",
"lang_code": "syc",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "ܦܪܓܘܢܐ"
},
{
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"lang_code": "ota",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "fircevl",
"word": "فرجول"
}
],
"lang": "Arabic",
"lang_code": "ar",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "firjawn",
"word": "فِرْجَوْن"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Classical Syriac",
"lang_code": "syc",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "ܦܪܓܘܢܐ"
},
{
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"lang_code": "ota",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "fircevl",
"word": "فرجول"
}
],
"lang": "Arabic",
"lang_code": "ar",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed",
"less often"
],
"roman": "firjawl",
"word": "فِرْجَوْل"
}
],
"lang": "Aramaic",
"lang_code": "arc",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
]
},
{
"lang": "Coptic",
"lang_code": "cop",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "phragellion",
"word": "ⲫⲣⲁⲅⲉⲗⲗⲓⲟⲛ"
}
],
"lang": "Byzantine Greek",
"lang_code": "gkm",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "phragéllion",
"word": "φραγέλλιον"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"word": "sroigheall"
}
],
"lang": "Old Irish",
"lang_code": "sga",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "sroigell"
},
{
"lang": "Occitan",
"lang_code": "oc",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "flagèl"
},
{
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "flagelo"
},
{
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "flagel"
},
{
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "flagelo"
},
{
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "flagell"
},
{
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "fflangell"
},
{
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "ffrewyll"
}
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"*bʰleh₂-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/bʰleh₂-"
],
[
"*-rós",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-rós"
],
[
"flagrum",
"flagrum#Latin"
],
[
"*-lós",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-lós#Proto-Indo-European:_agent_nouns"
],
[
"*-elos",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/-elos#Proto-Italic:_diminutive"
],
[
"-lum",
"-lus#Latin"
],
[
"flagrum",
"flagrum#Latin"
],
[
"-lum",
"-lus#Latin"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": ":af",
"3": "flagrum<t:scourge, whip>",
"4": "-lus<alt:-lum>",
"text": "+",
"title": "flagellum",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *bʰleh₂-?\nProto-Indo-European *-rós\nLatin flagrum\nProto-Indo-European *-lós\nProto-Indo-European *-elós\nProto-Italic *-elos\nLatin -lum\nLatin flagellum\n[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-elos\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-lus\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"flagellum\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }\" data-lang=\"la\" data-title=\"flagellum\">\nFrom flagrum (“scourge, whip”) + -lum.",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *bʰleh₂-?\nProto-Indo-European *-rós\nLatin flagrum\nProto-Indo-European *-lós\nProto-Indo-European *-elós\nProto-Italic *-elos\nLatin -lum\nLatin flagellum\nFrom flagrum (“scourge, whip”) + -lum.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "flagellī",
"links": [
[
"flagellī",
"flagelli"
]
],
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "flagellum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "flagella",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "flagellī",
"links": [
[
"flagellī",
"flagelli#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "flagellōrum",
"links": [
[
"flagellōrum",
"flagellorum#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "flagellō",
"links": [
[
"flagellō",
"flagello#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "flagellīs",
"links": [
[
"flagellīs",
"flagellis#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "flagellum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "flagella",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "flagellō",
"links": [
[
"flagellō",
"flagello#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "flagellīs",
"links": [
[
"flagellīs",
"flagellis#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "flagellum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "flagella",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "flagellum<2>"
},
"expansion": "flagellum n (genitive flagellī); second declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "flagellum<2>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Latin terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "[…] so that your soft side and your tender hands\nburning lashes may not shamefully scribble on […]",
"ref": "c. 84 BCE – 54 BCE, Catullus, Carmina 25.9–13",
"text": "[…]nē lāneum latusculum manūsque mollicellās\ninusta turpiter tibī flagella cōnscribillent[…]",
"translation": "[…] so that your soft side and your tender hands\nburning lashes may not shamefully scribble on […]",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"whip, lash, scourge"
],
"links": [
[
"whip",
"whip"
],
[
"lash",
"lash"
],
[
"scourge",
"scourge"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "verber"
},
{
"word": "flagrum"
},
{
"word": "corium"
},
{
"word": "lōrum"
},
{
"word": "habēna"
},
{
"word": "scutica"
}
],
"tags": [
"declension-2",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"whip for driving animals (riding horses, cattle etc.)"
],
"tags": [
"declension-2",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Latin terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "[…] and how under the seas the polyp holds fast the captured enemy\nwith tentacles dispatched from every side.",
"ref": "8 CE, Ovidius, Metamorphoses 4.361–372",
"roman": "continet ex omnī dīmissīs parte flagellīs.",
"text": "[…]utque sub aequoribus dēprēnsum pōlypus hostem",
"translation": "[…] and how under the seas the polyp holds fast the captured enemy\nwith tentacles dispatched from every side.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"tentacle"
],
"links": [
[
"tentacle",
"tentacle"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-2",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Latin terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Tomorrow the binder of loves amongst the shades of trees\nweaves green cottages from myrtle branches.",
"ref": "c. 4th century CE, Tiberianus, Pervigilium Veneris 5–6",
"roman": "implicat casās virentēs dē flagellō myrteō.",
"text": "Crās amōrum cōpulātrīx inter umbrās arborum",
"translation": "Tomorrow the binder of loves amongst the shades of trees\nweaves green cottages from myrtle branches.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"young branch, shoot"
],
"links": [
[
"shoot",
"shoot#Noun"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-2",
"neuter"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[fɫaˈɡɛl.lũː]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[flaˈd͡ʒɛl.lum]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "flagellum"
}
Download raw JSONL data for flagellum meaning in All languages combined (25.4kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-10-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (1a05e46 and e3d6d4e). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.